What type of literary device involves using symbols to represent ideas or qualities?

The correct choice is the type of literary device known as symbolism. Symbolism is a powerful technique in literature where objects, characters, figures, or colors are used to represent abstract ideas or concepts beyond their literal meaning. For example, a dove may symbolize peace, while a red rose can represent love. This layered meaning enriches the text, allowing readers to connect with the underlying themes and emotions in a more profound way.

Other options, while important literary devices, serve different purposes. Foreshadowing hints at events that will occur later in the narrative, creating suspense or preparing the reader for what’s to come, but does not involve representing greater ideas through symbols. Metaphor, on the other hand, makes a comparison between two unlike things to highlight similar qualities but does not specifically use symbols to encapsulate broader concepts. Imagery involves creating vivid descriptions that appeal to the senses, enhancing the reader's experience but again, it does not inherently symbolize ideas or qualities. Thus, symbolism stands out as the definitive answer regarding the representation of ideas through symbols.