What does comprehension in reading refer to?

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Comprehension in reading fundamentally pertains to the understanding of the meaning of the text. It involves not just recognizing words and sentences but also grasping the ideas, themes, emotions, and contexts contained within the written material. Effective comprehension enables a reader to connect the content to their prior knowledge, make inferences, and critically engage with the text, which is essential for learning and retention.

The other choices focus on different aspects of reading: decoding relates to the ability to translate text into spoken words; analyzing grammar involves understanding the structural rules that govern language; and reading rate reflects how quickly one can read, but it does not ensure that the reader fully understands the material. Therefore, comprehension is explicitly about extracting and constructing meaning from a text, making it the correct answer in this context.

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